Downward Nominal-Wage Rigidity: Micro Evidence from Tobit Models

نویسنده

  • Geoff Wright
چکیده

This paper uses Tobit models and data for union contracts to examine the extent of downward nominal-wage rigidity in Canada. To be consistent with important stylized facts, the models allow the variance of the notional wage-change distribution to be time-varying and test for menu-cost effects. The empirical results confirm the importance of using a general specification with a timechanging variance and menu-cost effects. The variance of the notional distribution fell as inflation trended downward over the sample period, and there is evidence that menu-cost effects cause some contracts to have wage freezes rather than small wage increases. Each of these features reduces the estimated effect of rigidity on wage growth. The estimated net effect of downward rigidity and menu costs in the 1990s is approximately 0.4 percentage points for the average wage change in the first year of contracts, and less than 0.1 percentage point for the average annual change over the lifetime of contracts. On balance, the evidence suggests that the long-run tradeoff between inflation and the unemployment rate is close to vertical at inflation rates of 2 per cent or more if productivity growth is near the average in recent decades. JEL classification: E24, E52, E61 Bank classification: Labour markets; Inflation targets Résumé Les auteurs utilisent les chiffres des accords salariaux et des modèles tobit pour étudier le degré de rigidité à la baisse des salaires nominaux au Canada. S’inspirant des principaux faits stylisés, ils permettent à la variance de la distribution théorique des variations salariales de fluctuer dans le temps et font intervenir dans leurs modèles les coûts d’étiquetage afin d’en déterminer l’influence. Les résultats empiriques confirment qu’il est important d’utiliser une formulation générale qui admette une variance dynamique et tienne compte de l’effet possible des coûts d’étiquetage. La variance de la distribution théorique a diminué durant la période d’estimation alors que l’inflation accusait un recul, et il semble bien que les coûts d’étiquetage expliquent la présence de gels au lieu de faibles hausses de la rémunération dans certains cas. Chacun de ces facteurs réduit l’incidence estimative de la rigidité sur la croissance des salaires. Les auteurs estiment l’effet net de la rigidité à la baisse et des coûts d’étiquetage durant les années 1990 à environ 0,4 point de pourcentage pour ce qui est de la variation salariale moyenne enregistrée durant la première année de l’accord et à moins de 0,1 point dans le cas de la variation annuelle moyenne calculée sur la

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

A Study of Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in Korea

This paper examines downward nominal wage rigidity in Korea using aggregate and individual-level data. We find that the degree of downward nominal wage rigidity differs depending on the data sources used. Results from the aggregate data indicate that, on average, wages have been flexible. By contrast, evidence from the micro data suggests that nominal wages are downwardly rigid most of the time...

متن کامل

Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in the United States During and After the Great Recession

Rigidity in wages has long been thought to impede the functioning of labor markets. One recent strand of the research on wage flexibility in the United States and elsewhere has focused on the possibility of downward nominal wage rigidity and what implications such rigidity might have for the macroeconomy at low levels of inflation. The Great Recession of 2008-09, during which the unemployment r...

متن کامل

Are nominal wages downwardly rigid? Evidence from Belgian microdata

It is sometimes argued that resistance to nominal wage cuts would justify a moderate amount of inflation in order to “grease the wheels of the labour market”. While empirical studies tend to find that nominal wages are not downwardly rigid in Anglo-Saxon economies, a number of studies suggest that downward nominal wage rigidity is more widespread among continental European countries. This paper...

متن کامل

Nominal Wage Rigidity in the United Kingdom

This paper studies the degree of downward rigidity in nominal wages in the United Kingdom using micro-data. Around 9% of employees who remain in the same job from one year to the next have zero pay growth. But on investigating the causes of rigidity we ®nd that up to ninetenths can be attributed to `symmetric' causes (such as contracts and menu costs) or to error. Thus only 1% of workers have p...

متن کامل

Pay Cuts and Morale: a Test of Downward Nominal Rigidity

This paper tests the ‘morale’ theory of downward nominal wage rigidity. This theory relies on workers disliking nominal pay cuts: cuts should make workers less happy. We investigate this using panel data on individual employees’ pay and satisfaction. We con...rm that nominal cuts do make workers less happy than if their pay had not fallen. But we ...nd no di¤erence in the e¤ect on happiness of ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2000